HowStuffWorks "Geography of Northern Europe"

WHAT'S INSIDE: NORTHERN EUROPE

The geography of Northern Europe is incredibly diverse, including mountainous landscapes, rolling hills and highlands, forested countryside and even the Mediterranean coast.

Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Moldova
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Belarus
Belarus, a small, flat, land-locked country just to the East of Poland, was part of the Soviet Union until 1991. Learn about the people, physical features and its most famous city, Minsk.
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- Geography of Belarus
- Geography of Minsk
Belgium
Belgium is literally at the heart of Europe because its capital city, Brussels, is within about 600 miles of every other European capital.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria sits on the Black Sea and is bordered by Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey. Explore Bulgaria's geography and cities in this section.
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Explore These Topics:
- Geography of Sofia
- Geography of Bulgaria
- Geography of Plovdiv
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a land-locked country bordered by Poland, Slovakia, Austria, and Germany. Explore the Czech Republic's geography and major cities like Prague.
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- Geography of Czech Republic
- Geography of Prague
- Geography of Karlovy Vary
- Geography of Brno
Denmark
Denmark is a largely peninsular country surrounded by the Baltic Sea. Explore Denmark's geography, economy and major cities like Copenhagen and Odense.
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- Geography of Aarhus
- Geography of Copenhagen
Estonia
Estonia occupies a portion of the Great European Plain---the vast lowland between the Ural Mountains and France. Explore Estonia's geography and major cities in this section.
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- Geography of the Republic of Estonia
- Geography of Tallinn
Finland
Finland is one of the most northerly nations on Earth, making it a very cold and rugged country. Explore the geography of Finland, its cities and economy in this section.
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- Finland
- Geography of Turku
- Geography of Helsinki
- Geography of Tampere
Germany
A land-locked nation, Germany was divided into East and West regions following World War II, only to be reunited when the Berlin Wall came down.
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Hungary
Hungary is a small landlocked country in eastern Europe and is bordered by no less than seven European nations.
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Moldova
One of the poorest countries in Europe and formerly a part of Romania, the country's land-locked terrain gradually slopes eastward toward the Baltic Sea.
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- Geography of Moldova
Poland
Explore the geography of Poland, its economy and people, and learn about major cities such as Krakow, Warsaw and Gdansk.
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Romania
Romania, one of Eastern Europe's biggest countries, has five neighbors and the Baltic Sea. The terrain is quite mountainous and the climate is temperate with four distinct seasons.
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- Geography of Romania
- Geography of Timisoara
Iceland
Iceland is the westernmost country in Europe and also has the northernmost capital (Reykjavik) in the world. The terrain is largely plateaus dotted with mountain peaks covered by glaciers.
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- Geography of Reykjavik
- Geography of Iceland
Latvia
Latvia, once part of the Soviet Republic, is now an independent nation. The country is bordered by Estonia, Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, the Baltic Sea, and the Gulf of Riga.
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- Geography of Latvia
- Geography of Riga
Lithuania
The geography of Lithuania is dominated by a glacial history that carved most of its geographic features during the last ice age.
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Explore These Topics:
- Geography of Klaipeda
- Geography of Vilnius
- Geography of Lithuania
- Geography of Kaunas
Netherlands
Did you know that most of the Netherlands actually sits below sea-level? Explore the geography of the Netherlands, its people, cities and major physical features in this section.
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Republic of Ireland
The Republic of Ireland occupies five-sixths of the island of Ireland in Northern Europe, and is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
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Norway
Norway forms part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bounded on three sides by the waters of the Barents, Norwegian, and North seas. Explore Norway's geography and major cities in this section.
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- Geography of Norway
- Geography of Stavanger
Switzerland
Despite its small size, Switzerland has a diverse geography of craggy Alpine peaks, placid lakes, and lush valleys. Its people are just as diverse. Explore more about Switzerland in this section.
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Sweden
Sweden is bordered by Norway, Finland and the Baltic Sea. Sweden is deceptively large (bigger than California) and has mostly flat or gentle rolling lowlands with mountains in west.
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- Geography of Goteborg
- Geography of Malmo
Slovakia
Situated just south of Poland, Slovakia's Carpathian Mountains cover much of the north and central regions. The rest of the terrain is dotted with valleys and lakes.
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Explore These Topics:
- Geography of Kosice
- Geography of Bratislava
- Geography of Slovakia
Ukraine
Ukraine was once part of the Soviet Union and is bordered by seven countries and two seas. Explore Ukraine's geography and major cities in this section.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom includes all the British Isles except for the Isle of Man and that part of Ireland maintained by the Republic of Ireland.
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Explore These Categories:
- England
- Scotland
- Northern Ireland
- Wales

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