Belarus
Belarus, a small, flat, land-locked country just to the East of Poland, was part of the Soviet Union until 1991. Learn about the people, physical features and its most famous city, Minsk. See more »
what's inside: geography of northern europe
The geography of Northern Europe is incredibly diverse, including mountainous landscapes, rolling hills and highlands, forested countryside and even the Mediterranean coast.
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Belgium
Belgium is literally at the heart of Europe because its capital city, Brussels, is within about 600 miles of every other European capital. See more »
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria sits on the Black Sea and is bordered by Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey. Explore Bulgaria's geography and cities in this section. See more »
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a land-locked country bordered by Poland, Slovakia, Austria, and Germany. Explore the Czech Republic's geography and major cities like Prague. See more »
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Denmark
Denmark is a largely peninsular country surrounded by the Baltic Sea. Explore Denmark's geography, economy and major cities like Copenhagen and Odense. See more »
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Estonia
Estonia occupies a portion of the Great European Plain---the vast lowland between the Ural Mountains and France. Explore Estonia's geography and major cities in this section. See more »
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Finland
Finland is one of the most northerly nations on Earth, making it a very cold and rugged country. Explore the geography of Finland, its cities and economy in this section. See more »
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Germany
A land-locked nation, Germany was divided into East and West regions following World War II, only to be reunited when the Berlin Wall came down. See more »
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Hungary
Hungary is a small landlocked country in eastern Europe and is bordered by no less than seven European nations. See more »
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Moldova
One of the poorest countries in Europe and formerly a part of Romania, the country's land-locked terrain gradually slopes eastward toward the Baltic Sea. See more »
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Poland
Explore the geography of Poland, its economy and people, and learn about major cities such as Krakow, Warsaw and Gdansk. See more »
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Romania
Romania, one of Eastern Europe's biggest countries, has five neighbors and the Baltic Sea. The terrain is quite mountainous and the climate is temperate with four distinct seasons. See more »
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Iceland
Iceland is the westernmost country in Europe and also has the northernmost capital (Reykjavik) in the world. The terrain is largely plateaus dotted with mountain peaks covered by glaciers. See more »
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Latvia
Latvia, once part of the Soviet Republic, is now an independent nation. The country is bordered by Estonia, Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, the Baltic Sea, and the Gulf of Riga. See more »
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Lithuania
The geography of Lithuania is dominated by a glacial history that carved most of its geographic features during the last ice age. See more »
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Netherlands
Did you know that most of the Netherlands actually sits below sea-level? Explore the geography of the Netherlands, its people, cities and major physical features in this section. See more »
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Republic of Ireland
The Republic of Ireland occupies five-sixths of the island of Ireland in Northern Europe, and is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia. See more »
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Norway
Norway forms part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bounded on three sides by the waters of the Barents, Norwegian, and North seas. Explore Norway's geography and major cities in this section. See more »
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Switzerland
Despite its small size, Switzerland has a diverse geography of craggy Alpine peaks, placid lakes, and lush valleys. Its people are just as diverse. Explore more about Switzerland in this section. See more »
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Sweden
Sweden is bordered by Norway, Finland and the Baltic Sea. Sweden is deceptively large (bigger than California) and has mostly flat or gentle rolling lowlands with mountains in west. See more »
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Slovakia
Situated just south of Poland, Slovakia's Carpathian Mountains cover much of the north and central regions. The rest of the terrain is dotted with valleys and lakes. See more »
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Ukraine
Ukraine was once part of the Soviet Union and is bordered by seven countries and two seas. Explore Ukraine's geography and major cities in this section. See more »
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United Kingdom
Great Britain includes all the British Isles except for the Isle of Man and that part of Ireland occupied by the Republic of Ireland. See more »
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Geography of the Republic of Ireland
Ireland, Republic of (officially Eire), a country of Europe occupying most of the island of Ireland.
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