Vegetation and Wildlife

Desert plants and animals have developed specialized means of survival in the harsh climate. Some plants have extensive root systems that reach deep into the earth to collect groundwater or that spread out widely near the surface to absorb surface moisture. Many desert plants have small waxy or leathery leaves that limit moisture loss. Others, such as cacti, retain water in their roots and stems. Certain plants appear only after drenching rains, go through an entire life cycle, and leave seeds that will germinate only after the next heavy rain.

Many animals have developed forms of behavior suited to desert life, such as burrowing underground to escape the heat and being active only at night when it is cool. Desert animals, in general, are especially well adapted for conserving water and regulating body temperature. The animals most commonly found in desert and semidesert areas are small mammals, particularly rodents; reptiles, including many species of snakes and lizards; and birds. Spiders, scorpions, and insects, notably ants and beetles, are widespread.