Government

Alaska's constitution was ratified in 1956 and became effective on admission to the Union in 1959. The constitution provides for a strong executive branch; the governor is given extensive powers, including supervision of all principal departments of government. The governor and lieutenant governor are elected together on the same ticket for four-year terms. The governor may not serve more than two consecutive terms, but the lieutenant governor may serve any number of terms. Most other officials of the executive branch are appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature.

The legislature consists of a Senate of 20 members elected for four-year terms and a House of Representatives of 40 members elected for two years. It meets annually beginning in January.

Alaska's constitution provides for direct legislation through the initiative and referendum, and for the recall of elected officials.

The Supreme Court consists of five justices. Other courts include the Court of Appeals, the Superior Court, and district courts. The governor appoints judges from nominations made by a judicial council. Judges must be approved by the voters on a nonpartisan ballot every few years.

One-half of Alaska is divided into 16 administrative units called organized boroughs, which are similar to counties. The remainder of the state, which is sparsely populated, is unorganized and is administered by the state government. However, within this area, single-purpose administrative units, such as school districts, have been established.

Alaska sends two senators and one representative to Congress.