Economy

Pittsburgh is in the heart of one of the largest and most productive coal-mining areas in the nation. An abundance of coal led to the development of heavy industries in the Pittsburgh area, especially iron and steel. Steel production in Pittsburgh itself has declined steadily since the 1950's, but steel-making remains important in the metropolitan area, especially along the Monongahela River. Many iron and steel products are still made in Pittsburgh.

Pittsburgh is also a major producer of glass and of electrical machinery and equipment. Of lesser importance are nonelectrical machinery, processed foods, transportation equipment, and chemicals. Printing and publishing are also significant. Pittsburgh is a leader in industrial research. Many privately owned companies and the federal government have large-scale research laboratories in the Pittsburgh area. Also located there are the headquarters of some of the nation's largest corporations, including Gulf Oil, USX (formerly United States Steel), West-nghouse Electric, Rockwell International, and Aluminum Company of America.

More than 20 bridges span the three rivers within the city limits. Three Interstate highways serve Pittsburgh and its suburban area. The Penn-Lincoln Parkway connects Pittsburgh with the Pennsylvania Turnpike by way of the William Penn and Lincoln highways. The city has excellent rail connections and is served by the Greater Pittsburgh International Airport, 15 miles (24 km) west of the downtown area. Several interstate bus lines and scores of motor-freight lines operate here. Pittsburgh is one of the largest inland ports in the nation.